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Imperial examination in Chinese mythology
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best potential candidates to serve as administrative officials, for the purpose of recruiting them for the state's bureaucracy. With the avowed purpose of testing and selecting candidates for merit, the examination system markedly influenced various aspects of society and culture in Imperial China, including Chinese mythology.
The imperial civil service examinations were designed as objective measures to evaluate the educational attainment and merit of the examinees, as part of the process by which to make selections and appointments to various offices within the structure of the government of the Chinese empire, or, sometimes, during periods of Chinese national disunion, of offices within the various states. During more recent historical times, successful candidates could receive the jinshi (chin-shih), and other degrees, generally followed by assignment to specific offices, with higher level degrees tending to lead to higher ranking placements in the imperial government service. The examination system developed in a great part in response to religious and philosophical ideas about ideal social order. Also, the Chinese traditional religion and philosophy responded to concerns about the imperial examination system. Both processes were intimately bound together with a literary system and other traditions which had a continuity lasting over several thousand years. For various reasons the actual mundane examination process developed together with various related philosophical, religious, and imaginative ideas to produce a distinct mythological motif.
==Sacred origins==
A common mythological motif provides a religious-type of sacrality to later social institutions by projecting their origins back to a time when deities and culture heroes were credited with having divinely or miraculously created them, thus giving them an aura of greater-than-human qualities, and a justification for their existence and structural qualities with an implication that these are things which mere mortals should not question (as well as avoiding giving credit for their institution to a preceding rival dynasty). This applies to the Chinese system of examinations to recruit government officials and to the related institutions of governmentally sponsored and controlled education.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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